Cult Of Domesticity Slave Narratives English Literature Essay

Cult Of Domesticity Slave Narratives English Literature Essay Slave narratives give an account of the physical brutality and deprivation that many slaves were forced to endure; slave narrators ultimately write his or her self into an existence recognized by dominant American society. The author illustrates the way he/she overcomes the slaveholding societys continuing attempts to destroy his/her identity; concurrently, the narrator also rewrites that identity to fit the dominant cultures norms, despite the fact that these norms tend to conflict with his/her own experiences during slavery. Male slave narratives have ultimately highlighted on heroic male slaves, not on their wives, daughters or sisters; for a female her relationships as a daughter, sister, wife, mother, and friend would ultimately demonstrate her womanliness and her shared roles with white women readers (who do not need to contest their womanliness). The many different choices Linda has made throughout her life including her attempt to free herself from her masters moral degradati on, her relationship with Mr. Sands, her strategy for saving her children, and her concealment is how she illustrates to her reader the ways in which she has strived to live up to their standards. Ultimately, Linda Brent is caught between the vile, abusive practices of slavery and the idealized cult of domesticity. By focusing almost entirely on the narratives of male slaves, critics have left out half the picture. Harriet Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl is representative of African American Orr 2 womens literary tradition, or of a feminine model of identity formation. It is safe to say that both male and female slave narratives strove to counter racial stereotypes; it is also safe to say that black men and women however faced very different stereotypes. Black slave men fought against the stereotype that were boys (transition to manhood as in Douglass) while black women struggled to defend the idea that they were either helpless victims or whores. For a male fugitive, public discourse was a way in which he would declare his place and identity among men. The form in which Jacobs narrative is written is a direct result of gender differences among men and women. Because women slave narrators were held hostages to the nineteenth-century ideal of the cult of domesticity which demanded a standard of feminine purity that slavery denied them, they were excluded from the public discourse of their stories in the dominant culture that publicly insisted on the cult of pure womanhood. Her primarily white readership at the time insisted that women should choose death before dishonor; they would not recognize so-called mothers of children who were bastards. Harriet Jacobs could not demonstrate to her primarily white female readership how she had been the perfect wife or mother that the cult of domesticity demanded but she emphasizes the ways in which she strove to meet those same demands given her peculiar position. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl present the authors confession of what her readers might consider a sin-ridden past and a justification of her motives to a potentially disapproving readership. Northern white women could have possibly identified with the female slave in times of hardship and may have even made allowances for her behavior under duress, however, Jacobs appears to take for granted that her readers will apply to Linda Brent the moral standards that were imposed upon them. She emphasizes, Slavery is terrible for men; but it is far more terrible Orr 3 for women. Superadded to the burden common to all, they have wrongs, and sufferings, and mortifications peculiarly their own.(119) She calls attention to that of female slaves who suffered horrible mental tortures and humiliation such as sexual harassment and the loss of their children. Jacobs mentions numerous examples of Dr. Flints behavior as proof of the corrupting power of slavery and its negative effects especially on the female slaves maternal and womanly experiences. Dr. Flint batters Brents purity of mind with constant insinuations and harassment; he built a cottage in the field for her to live in but she refused him. If she had accepted his offer, her life would have been spent undergoing more of his foul insults and sexual abuse. Her decision to become a mother was a direct result of Dr. Flints constant sexual advances. Linda admits that she accepted Mr. Sands advances toward her as, deliberate calculation. She states: But, O, ye happy women, whose purity has been sheltered from childhood, who have been free to choose the objects of your affection, whose homes are protected by law, do not judge the poor desolate slave girl too severely! If slavery had been abolished, I, also could have married the man of my choiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I wanted to keep myself pure; and under the most adverse circumstances, I tried hard to preserve my self respect; but I was struggling alone in the powerful grasp of the demon slavery; and the monster proved too strong for me. (83-84) Since, Flint denied Brent marriage to a free black man and refused to sell her to anyone, Brent knew that she would never be allowed a traditional home and family therefore not achieving the proper standards of white women. If Linda had the choice to love and marry whom she pleased then, she would gladly take it. But the fact remains she does not. Through her relationship with Mr. Sands she gains some control over her body; if she cannot marry whom she pleases then at least she can choose with whom she will reproduce. By choosing Sands as a lover and father to Orr 4 her children, Brent went against the ideal image of womanhood and instead dealt with the position she was in. Jacobs writes about Mr. Sands: I felt grateful for his sympathy, and encouraged by his kind words.   It seemed to me a great thing to have such a friend.   By degrees, a more tender feeling crept into my heart.   Of course I saw whither all this was tending, I knew the impassable gulf between us; but to be an object of interest to a man who is not married, and who is not her master, is agreeable to the pride and feelings of a slave, if her miserable situation has left her any pride or sentiment. It seems less degrading to give ones self, than to submit to compulsion.   There is something akin to freedom in having a lover who has no control over you, except that which he gains by kindness and attachment. (Jacobs 84) She made the choice to willingly give up her virginity outside of marriage; an action that is completely against traditional moral codes. Brent recognizes that it is through her right to choose that a woman gains moral integrity, not through the physical virginity with which the choice is associated. She chooses Sands to upset Dr. Flint in hopes of being free from his sexual advances and to also possibly secure her freedom and that of future children; Of a man who was not my master I could ask to have my children well supported; and in this case, I felt confident I should obtain the boon. I also felt quite sure that they would be made free. (85-86) While attempting to embrace the ideals of womanhood, Brent is able to recognize and disregard the standards that cannot be applied and established for her. She says: Pity me, and pardon me, O virtuous reader! You never knew what it is to be a slave; to be entirely unprotected by law or custom; to have the laws reduce you to the condition of a chattel, entirely subject to the will of another. You never exhausted your ingenuity in avoiding the snares, and eluding the power of a hated tyrant; you never shuddered at the sound of his footsteps, and trembled within hearing of his voice. I know I did wrongà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Still, in looking back calmly, on the events of my life, I feel that the slave woman ought not to be judged by the same standard as others. (Jacobs 86) This statement declares that other women have no right to criticize Brent for revealing her sexual history unless they have walked in her shoes and been witness to all she has endured. Orr 5 Furthermore, Jacobs argues, that the audience cannot possibly understand what she has been through. The quote is directed to the white female audience and suggests that particularly female slaves should not be judged according to the moral standards of everyone else. Nevertheless, Brent is constantly trying to live up to the cult of true womanhood by attempting to find ways to secure the freedom of her two children. Jacobs emphasizes her narrators maternal emotions towards her children; motherhood depicted in the narrative is significant because it is a strong connection between herself and her readers and, most importantly, one that goes above race and social status. In presenting the life of the slave mother as one of constant misery and pain, Jacobs earn the sympathy of her readers and motivates them to focus on her maternal experience as the reason behind her desire to be free. Lindas actions are mostly determined by the effect they will have on her children and their future liberation. Many female slaves were incapable of keeping their families together but Brent converted her body from a position of exploitation to a vehicle of resistance when she challenged the authority of the slave master and worked to liberate her children. Jacobs write s, My thoughts wandered through the dark past, and over the uncertain future. Alone in my cell, where no eye but Gods could see me, I wept bitter tears. How earnestly I prayed to him to restore me to my children, and enable me to be a useful woman and a good mother! (202). Lindas calculated advantage of being with Mr. Sands was not enough to secure the liberation of her children and her escape from Flints pursuit. Significantly, Linda takes actions that promote the well-being of her children constantly throughout the narrative. She devises a plan to hide in the garret to protect the love she has for her children; she removes her physical body in order to safeguard them. Most importantly, Linda never seriously takes into consideration running away to the North without her children. Her Orr 6 flight is always understood as a necessary precaution for the betterment of their lives and sacrificing her physical and emotional intimacy with them is crucial in order to achieve her ultimate goal: their emancipation. The ending of the narrative was startling. Freedom was gained from none other than Mrs. Bruce who bought the freedom of the children and Linda. Mrs. Bruce is a very significant character in the narrative and stands as a role model of courage and political activism for the audience. She is also an example of a white woman who uses her own motherhood to help that of a slave. The narrative ends with the quote: Reader, my story ends with freedom; not in the usual way, with marriage. I and my children are now free! We are as free from the power of slave holders as are the white people of the north; and though that, according to my ideas, is not saying a great deal, it is a vast improvement in my condition. (Jacobs 302) By stating this, she is explicitly referring to the ideal of the cult of true womanhood. Even though Brent succumbs to the values of her readers she, however, resists their authority to judge her by those values. She makes a significant point about values and life situations; that is, not everyone can be judged by the same standards and points out the ways in which womanhood and motherhood are corrupted by slavery itself. Brents story does not end in the conventional feminine way; the narrative ends, not with a solitary speaker, but with a woman gratefully acknowledging her bonds to her children and friends, bonds that were freely chosen. Jacobs primarily female white readership may have been sympathetic to her pseudonym Lindas struggles to secure the unity of her family, to show extensive sexual encounters between slave and master, and to display the inhumane institution of slavery itself but instead the narrative was written in a trial by jury format (white women being the jury, and Brents life Orr 7 being the trial). By calling upon her fellow women and mothers to be witnesses to her life as a, poor desolate slave girl she challenges them to understand that she could not emulate the standards that were imposed upon white women at the time; in her own way she proved herself to be a worthy woman and mother even if it did not end with marriage.

Kids’ Shoes

Have your children's feet measured when buying shoes, since what might seem comfortable to them for a minute or two in the store is very different from what will be comfortable after a day of playing. Feet should be measured while standing, and always have both feet measured. Since one foot is usually larger than the other, buy shoes to accommodate the larger of the two feet.When your child is wearing the shoes, and their feet are fully extended (watch for toe crunching!), there should be a bit of room between the edge of the shoe toe and the edge of your child's toes – about a half inch.With the rate children outgrow shoes, it's probably tempting to buy shoes that are too big, but you should never buy shoes that are more than one size  too large for your child. Shoes that are too big can cause a child to trip and develop foot problems while trying to walk in shoes that are too large.Obviously a shoe that has too tight of a heel will cause discomfort, but having shoes that a re too loose is also very problematic. The heel of the shoes should rest snugly but not tightly around your the back of the child's heel.As adults, we often say we're â€Å"breaking in† a pair of shoes – this is really a bad idea for anyone, but particularly for kids. Shoes need to be immediately comfortable – don't allow for a breaking in period or expect shoes to get more comfortable over time – they need to fit and feel good now. Children's shoes should have laces, velcro or some other fastening system. As a general rule, avoid backless or slip-on shoes for kids.Look for shoes made from breathable materials, such such as canvas or leather. In addition to being more durable, they will help to keep the child's foot cooler and dryer, helping to prevent blisters, discomfort, and smelly shoes.While they may look cute, always avoid heels on children's shoes. Not only is it difficult for kids to walk in heels, they are particularly bad for proper foot develop ment. When it comes to children's shoes, stick with flats and even soles.Look for a pattern or textured sole, as this will provide traction and help prevent your child from easily slipping on slick surfaces.Soles should be sturdy and thick enough to protect the feet from pain and injury, but the sole also needs to be flexible too so that it will bend with the foot.Once you've found shoes that fit and are appropriately designed for a child's feet, allow your children some input as to which shoes they prefer. It's bound to make for a better shopping experience if they get to choose a color or design they like from shoes that fit well and are appropriate for growing feet.

Eating Insects Essay

Introduction: Insects have been here long before human civilization, foraging the world and utilizing its nutrients. In a sense then, every human being ever has been forced to interact with insects, so then why has this â€Å"household† item not been utilized as a food source for humans? Well, that’s not entirely true. Entomophagy, according to Webster’s Dictionary, is the practice of eating insects. Using insects as a food source isn’t as uncommon as one may think, the practice of Enotmophagy has been performed for centuries, dating back to Indian tribes and Australian aborginals. Insects greatly outnumber humans and are found in nearly every possible location in the world, so their presence in and around human food isn’t unbelievable. While this practice is becoming more popular around the world, consumers in the U. S. are still skeptical of the idea Whether its eating them â€Å"a la mode†, or eating them without knowing, insects are increasingly prevalent in food consumed by humans. Main Body: Insect consumption seems a little farfetched, yet there are several reasons that this idea may not be crazy. Meat is considered to be one of the best sources of protein in diets, however, certain insects provide amounts of protein comparable to that of meat; thus making insect consumption a much cheaper alternative to meat in developing countries. Take, for example, 100 grams of dried caterpillar, providing fifty-three grams of protein, seventeen percent carbohydrates, and a whopping fifteen percent fat. In fact, they are believed to have a higher proportional fat and protein value than that of beef and fish. Also, most edible insects are proven to be much cleaner than fish. For example, According to Pulitzer prize winner, Dr. E. O. Wilson of Harvard University, there are an estimated ten quintillion (10,000,000,000,000,000,000) insects in the world, or about one hundred and fifty million insects per one human being. Insects are in no way, shape, or form, a product of scarcity; insects are found nearly everywhere, thus proving to be another reason for insects to be used for food consumption. Due to the fact that insects provide incredible amounts of nutritional value and an incredible population, they are proving to be means of income for people in developing countries. Specifically, Sudan and Nigeria trade and utilize insects as a source of income, exporting three to five tons annually to countries such as Belgium and France. This means of earning income for Sudans and Nigerians produces $41,500 annually. Insects being utilized for their nutritional value and high concentration, proves to show how incredibly useful insects are to humans, surprisingly as a food source. Many countries all over the world are taking advantage of insects as a food source. In Africa, several groups use Orthoptera as a means of food. They gather locusts early in the day, before they are active; they then boil them before group members clean and salt them. Noting goes to waste, they even use the legs by grinding them up and mixing them with peanut butter and salt. Also, performed in areas of Africa and Australia, termites are being utilized for their high protein and fat value. The big queen castes of termites, reaching three inches in lenghth, is most sought out due to its incredibly high nutritional value. They are often lightly fried and sold in markets to be eaten by hand, thought to be a snack food. However, termites can also be used as a colorless oil used when frying food.

Liberty in the History of America Essay - 2150 Words

America is commonly called the â€Å"Land of the Free†, but the abundance of liberties, and liberties for all, has not always been the case. The Puritans were some of the first to settle in the New World, but they were self-interested and did not come with the purpose of creating a free state for all. As time progressed, so did their believes, and by the time Tocqueville arrived from France, liberty was an important aspect of American life. So important that people would fight and die for it. Tocqueville, while impressed at the amount liberty and freedoms that citizens had, believed that America had a long way to go before it could call itself a truly free country. Fast forward over a hundred years later, and John Rawls lived in a time were the†¦show more content†¦Their legitimacy did not come from the people that they ruled over, but from God, and Rulers were â€Å"appointed by God† to serve â€Å"his will†. This divine sovereignty gave them to creat e and enforce the laws and standards that they liked in the name of God, when often they were truly acting with self-interest. Popular sovereignty on the other hand is considered rule by the people. Through participation, people create and sustain the government. The Puritans did not believe in rule by the people because people are inherently flawed and erroneous. In reality, it was the Puritans using the claim of divine sovereignty to push their own religious and authoritarian agenda. Most Puritan thinkers did not believe in the idea of liberty. Nathanial Ward was a strict authoritarian, and in his essay, Simple Cobbler of Aggawam, he states that he does not believe in natural rights and liberties. The only liberties one had were the ones given by God, so it can be assumed that he did not believe in freedom of expression, freedom of religion or popular sovereignty (Baker and Thomas 56). The role of the state was not to protect natural liberties, but rather, only those God given liberties. Ward strongly condoned toleration for many reasons. First, toleration of religions other than Puritanism wouldShow MoreRelatedCivil Liberties and Civil Rights Essay1296 Words   |  6 PagesCivil Liberties (And how they differ from civil rights) If the fires of freedom and civil liberties burn low in other lands, they must be made brighter in our own. If in other lands the press and books and literature of all kinds are censored, we must redouble our efforts here to keep them free. If in other lands the eternal truths of the past are threatened by intolerance, we must provide a safe place for their perpetuation. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1938 (Isaacs 66) Freedom of speechRead MoreGive Me Liberty1161 Words   |  5 PagesGive Me Liberty! 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Chalmers was in favor of the Monarchy ruling in the America s since he and his social class were gettingRead MoreThe United States Of America1484 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States of America has a notoriety for being a reference point of liberty and diversity from the colonial period of it s history. From the earliest starting point, notwithstanding, American liberties were attached to a blend of religious and ethnic affiliations that special a few tenants of North America over others. Although European thoughts of liberty set the tone for what was conceivable, those freedoms looked to some degree changed in pioneer North America, where indigenous and AfricanRead MoreThe Concept of Liberty in US Political History: An Analytical Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This analytical essay is commissioned to highlight the concept of Liberty in US political history along with an in-depth analysis of era which gave rise to several Political Parties in the United States during 1776-1803. Dating back to the era of 1783, in which the American Revolution came to its end, Americans nationals, specifically the white community of America, came in accord with a common perception regarding liberty of politics in the country and perceived the republican government (republicanism)Read MoreThe Statue of Liberty Essay770 Words   |  4 PagesThe Statue of Liberty stands in the New York Harbor and has greeted many immigrants into Ellis Island. 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The people had an idea of a constitutional freedom and the moral quality, which was strongly held in

Sum of Squares Formula Shortcut

The calculation of a sample variance or standard deviation is typically stated as a fraction. The numerator of this fraction involves a sum of squared deviations from the mean. In statistics, the formula for this total sum of squares is ÃŽ £ (xi - xÌ„)2 Here the symbol xÌ„ refers to the sample mean, and the symbol ÃŽ £ tells us to add up the squared differences (xi - xÌ„) for all i. While this formula works for calculations, there is an equivalent, shortcut formula that does not require us to first calculate the sample mean. This shortcut formula for the sum of squares is ÃŽ £(xi2)-(ÃŽ £ xi)2/n Here the variable n refers to the number of data points in our sample. Standard Formula Example To see how this shortcut formula works, we will consider an example that is calculated using both formulas. Suppose our sample is 2, 4, 6, 8. The sample mean is (2 4 6 8)/4 20/4 5. Now we calculate the difference of each data point with the mean 5. 2 – 5 -34 – 5 -16 – 5 18 – 5 3 We now square each of these numbers and add them together. (-3)2 (-1)2 12 32 9 1 1 9 20. Shortcut Formula Example Now we will use the same set of data: 2, 4, 6, 8, with the shortcut formula to determine the sum of squares. We first square each data point and add them together: 22 42 62 82 4 16 36 64 120. The next step is to add together all of the data and square this sum: (2 4 6 8)2 400. We divide this by the number of data points to obtain 400/4 100. We now subtract this number from 120. This gives us that the sum of the squared deviations is 20. This was exactly the number that we have already found from the other formula. How Does This Work? Many people will just accept the formula at face value and do not have any idea why this formula works. By using a little bit of algebra, we can see why this shortcut formula is equivalent to the standard, traditional way of calculating the sum of squared deviations. Although there may be hundreds, if not thousands of values in a real-world data set, we will assume that there are only three data values: x1 , x2, x3. What we see here could be expanded to a data set that has thousands of points. We begin by noting that( x1 x2 x3) 3 xÌ„. The expression ÃŽ £(xi - xÌ„)2 (x1 - xÌ„)2 (x2 - xÌ„)2 (x3 - xÌ„)2. We now use the fact from basic algebra that (a b)2 a2 2ab b2. This means that (x1 - xÌ„)2 x12 -2x1 xÌ„ xÌ„2. We do this for the other two terms of our summation, and we have: x12 -2x1 xÌ„ xÌ„2 x22 -2x2 xÌ„ xÌ„2 x32 -2x3 xÌ„ xÌ„2. We rearrange this and have: x12 x22 x32 3xÌ„2 - 2xÌ„(x1 x2 x3) . By rewriting (x1 x2 x3) 3xÌ„ the above becomes: x12 x22 x32 - 3xÌ„2. Now since 3xÌ„2 (x1 x2 x3)2/3, our formula becomes: x12 x22 x32 - (x1 x2 x3)2/3 And this is a special case of the general formula that was mentioned above: ÃŽ £(xi2)-(ÃŽ £ xi)2/n Is It Really a Shortcut? It may not seem like this formula is truly a shortcut. After all, in the example above it seems that there are just as many calculations. Part of this has to do with the fact that we only looked at a sample size that was small. As we increase the size of our sample, we see that the shortcut formula reduces the number of calculations by about half. We do not need to subtract the mean from each data point and then square the result. This cuts down considerably on the total number of operations.

Men Who Were Sent to Alcatraz Essay - 722 Words

Alcatraz began in 1850 as a military prison. Later it became a federal prison. Then on the verge of 30 years it was closed. Then for a while Indians used the island. Alcatraz was used to house the criminals who provoked problems at other jails. The island was located off the coast of California. The island has had many uses over a span of 122 years. Alcatraz was first used as a Military prison. They used it as a Military prison from 1850 to 1934. In 1934 it was changed to a federal prison. The Military cons were the first inmates of the prison. Then after roughly 30 years of federal prison use, Alcatraz was shut down due to deterioration and cost. The next to inhabit the island were Indians. In the Monte Cristo, a charter†¦show more content†¦The men’s uniforms were white and black or black and white shirts with blue pants. Also no women were in the jail, but some lived in the islands apartments, with their father or husband who worked in the jail. Some inmates would go years without seeing a woman or hearing one’s voice. The food and drink provided was on holidays the inmates were served fine meals such as stuffed celery, tom turkey roasted, pumpkin pie, fruit cake, and coffee. The inmates were fed 3 times a day and always had decent food. Most inmates said it was better than other federal prisons. But for drinks, the only fresh water on the island was rain and fog. Alcatraz experienced various deaths on the island. Eight inmates were murdered, 15 died of disease. Also five suicides took place; most men did not have time to attempt suicide because guards and officers were always walking the halls, also no knives, guns,Show MoreRelatedInformative Speech on Alcatraz1097 Words   |  5 PagesPurpose: To inform the class Specific Purpose: To describe to the audience a brief history of Alcatraz. Thesis: Alcatraz has been a popular social topic because of the mystery that surrounds it and the stories exaggerated in movies and television shows. INTRODUCTION I. If you disobey the rules of society, they send you to prison; if you disobey the rules of the prison, they send you to Alcatraz. II. Alcatraz has been a popular social topic because of the mystery that surrounds it and the storiesRead MoreInformative Speech Outline on Alcatraz1081 Words   |  5 Pages* Alcatraz Informative Speech Outline General Purpose: To inform the class Specific Purpose: To describe to the audience a brief history of Alcatraz. Thesis: Alcatraz has been a popular social topic because of the mystery that surrounds it and the stories exaggerated in movies and television shows. INTRODUCTION I. If you disobey the rules of society, they send you to prison; if you disobey the rules of the prison, they send you to Alcatraz. II. Alcatraz has been a popular social topicRead MoreInformative Speech Outline on Alcatraz Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pages* Alcatraz Informative Speech Outline General Purpose: To inform the class Specific Purpose: To describe to the audience a brief history of Alcatraz. Thesis: Alcatraz has been a popular social topic because of the mystery that surrounds it and the stories exaggerated in movies and television shows. INTRODUCTION I. If you disobey the rules of society, they send you to prison; if you disobey the rules of the prison, they send you to Alcatraz. II. Alcatraz has been a popular social topicRead More Alcatraz Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesisland standing in the strait. This rock is hidden by the fog and isolated by the chilling waters of the Pacific that flow in and out every day. It has a gloom that hangs about its rocky face most know it as Alcatraz but the men who experienced this island, referred to her as â€Å"The Rock†. To the men confined there, it is not only the ultimate in isolation but the most ironic because they are there in the midst of the activity of a busy harbor with small craft darting to and from San Francisco, OaklandRead MoreEscape From Alcatraz ( 1979 ) Directed By Don Siegel1683 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom Alcatraz (1979) directed by the famous iconic movie maker, Don Siegel, tells a riveting story about three close inmates and their highly thought out escape plan. Frank Morris, played by the famous Clint Eastwood, is transported to the most solid and uptight prison, Alcatraz, in San Francisco, California. He is transferred from a prison in Atlanta, Georgia and booked into Alcatraz on January 18, 1960. Upon his arrival, the prison warden informs Morris that no one has ever escaped Alcatraz. HeRead MoreThe Birdman Of Alcatraz, By Aka Robert Stroud934 Words   |  4 PagesWhile you may have heard of, â€Å"The Birdman of Alcatraz,† aka Robert Stroud, another popular Alcatraz inmate. He was probably the most famous inmate to reside on Alcatraz. In 1909, Stroud brutally murdered a bartender when he failed to pay the girl Stroud was pimping for. He shot the bartender to death and took the wallet for the prostitute. Stroud was convicted of manslaughter and sent to McNeil Island in 1911. At McNeil Island, he was noted to be violent and difficult to manage. Robert StroudRead MoreAlcatraz Island And The Fight For Indian Sovereignty1647 Words   |  7 PagesAlcatraz Island and The Fight for Indian Sovereignty Alcatraz Island has had a long history of being a place of incarceration, a place where all American outcasts (Indian and non-Indian) were sent and put away, far from society. Yet, natives managed to make Alcatraz a symbol of unity within the Indian community and also a symbol of resistance against Anglo colonists. Indians have managed to change a symbol of isolation into a symbol of brotherhood and peoplehood. With the occupations of AlcatrazRead MoreThe Three Men that Escaped Alcatraz527 Words   |  2 PagesEscaping Alcatraz After the three men escaped Alcatraz the FBI had a 17-year trial. How did the three men escape Alcatraz? The three men were John and Clarence Anglin, Frank Morris. There were four men total involved in the escape. Allen West was the only one that could not get out of his cell through the hole. How did the three men escaped? Frank used a clay head to put in his bed while escaping so when the guards looked at his cell they saw his (fake) head. They used spoons to dig a tunnelRead MoreMy Journal as a Participant of The Great Depression Essay1626 Words   |  7 Pagesthey think they hate how the future looks and want to go back to tradition and history. The next day they claim the future can’t get here soon enough. I say we are exactly where we need to be. The ones who deserve it, as in the ones that do the work, get the money. And that’s how it should be. Who cares if such work is illegal? You don’t think these nitwit coppers have their fingers in other pies? You can even see the weed bulging out of their pockets. And of course they keep it right next to theirRead MoreEssay on Al Capone Biography1495 Words   |  6 Pagesnamed Mary Coughlin who gave birth to their son Albert quot;Sonnyquot; Francis. Coughlin and Capone married later that year. He was first arrested on a disorderly conduct charge while working for fellow gangster Frankie Yale. At this time he also murdered two men to prove his willingness to kill, but he was not tried because of the gangland etiquette of â€Å"silence.† Capone was let off of all charges due to lack of proof. After Capone hospitalized a rival gang member, Yale sent him to Chicago until

Smoking Sure free essay sample

For many, what starts as a teenage attempt to fit in with their peers leads to a life long battle with smoking. One can remember the â€Å"Marlboro Man†, candy cigarettes, and let us not forget the Virginia Slim slogan, â€Å"You’ve Come a Long Way Baby†. Yes, smoking sure has come a long way. The smoking hay day of the 60’s, 70’s and 80’s is gone. One is now ostracized in society if they make the choice to continue to smoke. Anti-smoking campaigns advertising the health associated risks with smoking and government mandated laws surrounding its use are making it harder to continue to smoke. All one needs to do is watch the television or read the newspaper and they will more than likely see a commercial touting the effects that smoking has caused an individual; or read an article about another ban that has been placed on public spaces. Can these anti-smoking campaigns influence one to quit smoking by giving them a more realistic view of the health related risks involved and will smoking bans place such an impediment on smoking that one just decides to quit? Tobacco and its use has been around for centuries, however the health associated risks with using tobacco have not always been recognized. We will write a custom essay sample on Smoking Sure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some early Native Americans used tobacco as part of their religious rituals and by the late 1800’s mass production made it more widespread. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that globally there are 1. 3 billion smokers and the number of tobacco users is anticipated to increase to 1. 7 billion by the year 2020 (â€Å"Smoking†). Tobacco is one of the most addictive legal substances on the market today, with nicotine being the most addictive ingredient found in cigarettes (â€Å"Smoking Bans†). In an article, â€Å"Crackdown on Smoking†, Clark reports that cigarettes â€Å"contain 4000 chemicals, including benzene, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide, many of which are poisonous or cancer-causing to otherwise healthy nonsmokers†. These chemicals can increase a smoker’s risk of heart, stroke, and lung diseases. Research regarding the risks that smoking causes continues to progress. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) continues to bring awareness to the tragedies that occur due to smoking: An estimated 443,000 Americans die each year as a result of smoking-related illnesses, and the CDC estimates that more than 8 million people in the United States currently have diseases caused by smoking, including many resulting from exposure to so-called secondhand or â€Å"passive† smoke. Smoking, the CDC asserts, is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States (â€Å"Smoking Bans†). Even if one chooses not to smoke they are not immune to the consequences smoking has; we are all affected by the choices others make when choosing to smoke. An overwhelming $193 billion dollars was spent on healthcare in 2004 due to smoking (â€Å"Smoking Bans†). One can remember when smoking was an acceptable part of society. Smoking was considered sexy and an indication of high stature if one smoked. During the 1960’s it was not uncommon to see people smoking in restaurants and bars, smoking was even acceptable in the workplace. It’s hard to imagine it now but doctors even smoked while tending to their patients. But those times have changed due in large part to public awareness surrounding the use of tobacco. Public awareness with the risks associated with secondhand smoke has been the catalyst for laws to protect those from it. Clark emphasizes this stating: The impetus for the anti-smoking movement goes beyond the familiar science that links smoking to 434,000 annual deaths from heart disease, cancer, stroke and other maladies. The broader issue is passive smoke – also called secondhand smoke, side stream smoke, involuntary smoking and environmental tobacco smoke. The movement for change started in the 1960’s. Since the 1964 Surgeon General’s report â€Å"Smoking and Health†, the Federal Government has enacted laws throughout the years which have started the course for change for those who smoke. Some of the more significant laws were the 1965 Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act which required health warning labels on all cigarette packages, and in 1970 all television and radio cigarette advertising were banned. President Bill Clinton in 1996 authorized numerous restrictions which included banning the advertisement of cigarettes within a 1,000 foot radius of schools or playgrounds, and the  industry could no longer give away free cigarettes or promotional items that had a tobacco logo on them. Finally in 2009 Congress passed a bill which gave the FDA extensive control over the industry (â€Å"Smoking Bans†). With teenage smoking on the rise the 1970 advertising ban was in part an attempt to discourage underage smoking. Tobacco companies were targeting unde rage smokers with their savvy advertising ploys which presented an image of being cool or popular. Camel brand cigarettes even used a cartoon character â€Å"Joe Camel†, who became as widely recognized as Mickey Mouse, to help target these underage smokers. To counteract these marketing schemes, anti-smoking groups have established their own marketing tactics to present the long term effects that smoking causes in a more dramatic way. These campaigns show graphic images of people who used to smoke and the devastating consequences it has caused them. The message is clear; smoking is dangerous. Federal laws have had an impact on the anti-smoking movement, however; it is the state and local laws that have caused the biggest impact. These state laws have been the hardest on smokers by banning smoking in public places. New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, a huge advocate of the anti-smoking movement has seen how effective these laws can be. In 2002 he signed into law the elimination of smoking in the workplace, raised cigarette taxes, and ran anti-smoking advertising campaigns to educate the public. He did not just impose laws though, he also offered help to those who wanted it by giving away free nicotine patches so those who wanted to quit had a resource to help them. Bloomberg reports that â€Å"there are 300,000 fewer smokers in New York City than there were six years ago†. In partnership with WHO, Bloomberg has developed a strategy called MPOWER, this strategy has six solutions that have proved to save lives: monitor tobacco use and prevention policies, protect people from second-hand smoke, offer to help people quit, warn about the dangers of tobacco, enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship, and raise taxes on tobacco. In conclusion, one can see that it is becoming increasingly difficult to continue the choice to smoke. New laws and bans are taking away a person’s right to freely smoke where they wish and the government and anti-smoking crusaders will continue this fight until the battle on smoking is won. This is not an issue that will easily be solved and we must all work together to find the solution to this controversial issue. Bloomberg sums it up by stating, â€Å"Tobacco has become the world’s leading cause of death. If we do nothing, tobacco may kill 1 billion people by the end of this century. But only if we do nothing. Skeptics say that the problem of tobacco use is too culturally entrenched to solve. But part of taking on an entrenched problem-whether it’s in health or education or public safety-involves challenging people’s expectations of what is possible†. Anything is possible if we all work together. One must decide, is this a challenge worth taking?